Otitis Externa in Dogs: Understanding PSPP Factors and Proper Treatment

Otitis externa refers to inflammation of the outer ear canal — from the ear opening to the eardrum — which may occur in one or both ears, with or without bacterial or yeast infection.

The most critical step in treatment is identifying the true underlying cause, not just treating surface symptoms. Recurring otitis externa almost always signals an unresolved root problem.

Signs to Watch For

• Frequent scratching at the ear or head shaking
• Redness, swelling, or odour from the ear
• Discharge or fluid from the ear canal
• Pain when the ear is touched

Understanding PSPP: The 4-Factor Framework

P — Primary Causes: Factors that initiate inflammation in a healthy ear canal — Allergies (most common), Ear mites, Foreign bodies in the ear canal.

S — Secondary Causes: Once the ear canal is inflamed, bacteria and yeast multiply, causing increased discharge, odour, and pain.

P — Predisposing Factors: Floppy or heavy ear flaps (Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, Basset Hounds), Naturally narrow ear canals, Frequent swimming leading to a moist ear canal.

P — Perpetuating Factors: Chronic swelling, fibrosis, and glandular hyperplasia, Progressive narrowing of the ear canal, Spread of inflammation to the middle ear (Otitis Media).

Diagnosis: Your veterinarian will assess the ear using an Otoscope to directly examine the ear canal and eardrum, Cytology to identify pathogens, and Culture or X-ray for complex cases.

Treatment: Reducing inflammation and eliminating identified pathogens; resolving the primary cause (if allergy — treat the allergy concurrently); ear cleaning as directed by your vet.

Home Care: Use only the ear cleanser and medications prescribed by your vet. 🚫 Do not insert cotton swabs deep into the ear canal. 🚫 Do not use vinegar, alcohol, or expired ear medications. 🚫 Avoid forceful cleaning if your dog is in significant pain.

Prognosis: Early-stage otitis externa generally responds well to treatment. Dogs with underlying allergies may need long-term preventive ear care.

When to Seek Urgent Care: Severe ear pain, head tilt, loss of balance, or nystagmus; facial asymmetry (facial nerve paralysis); symptoms worsening after starting ear drops.

Contact Thonglor Pet Hospital

Have questions about veterinary care for your pet in Thailand? Contact our team to ask about services, find a suitable branch or arrange an appointment.

If you need English-speaking assistance, please let us know when booking so we can confirm availability.

• Book an appointment: Schedule your visit

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• LINE: @jaothonglor

• Find a location: Explore our branches

For information about opening hours, treatment costs and preparing for your visit, see our Frequently Asked Questions.